2025, Vol. 11, Issue 1, Part B

author(s)
Paromita Biswas

abstract
The Mahābhārata, one of the greatest epics of ancient India, contains deep environmental wisdom woven into its narratives, teachings, and philosophical discourses. It reflects a profound understanding of nature, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all living beings and the importance of ecological balance. The text highlights the consequences of human actions on the environment, as seen in the destructive war of Kurukṣetra, which symbolizes the depletion of natural resources due to greed and ambition. Various episodes, such as the exile of the Pāṇḍavas in the forest (Vana Parva), stress the significance of nature as a refuge and a source of wisdom. The epic also advocates for the protection of rivers, forests, and wildlife, recognizing them as sacred entities. The concept of Dharma (righteousness) in the Mahābhārata extends to environmental ethics, teaching that harmony with nature is essential for sustaining life. The destruction caused by unchecked human desires serves as a warning against ecological exploitation, making the Mahābhārata a timeless source of environmental thought and sustainability principles.