2024, Vol. 10, Issue 6, Part A

author(s)
Subodhkant Mishra and Shweta Tiwari

abstract
Brihaspati Smriti, an important ancient Indian text, provides a comprehensive system for atonement (penance) for sins, emphasizing moral, spiritual and social reformation. Various categories of sins described in Brihaspati Smriti, such as mahapataka (serious sins), upapatak (moderate sins), and apradha (everyday transgressions), are analysed. It details the atonement prescribed for each category, ranging from serious crimes such as murder and betrayal to minor transgressions such as lying and neglecting duties. The text also highlights the philosophical and social basis of the atonement system, reflecting the relationship between justice, morality and spiritual advancement in ancient Indian thought. In addition, the relevance of these principles in modern times is also discussed, indicating the possibilities of their use in a system of corrective justice. Through the verses of Brihaspati Smriti, this article explains the importance of atonement in the context of social discipline and individual moral development.